Black and White Ruffed Lemur Pair Price: 10,500 Name: Donna Vassallo Posted: 01/25/2023 Phone: 3529888011 Email: Email Seller Location: Florida Bonded proven pair. While the lemurs benefit by eating the nectar within the flowers, the tree benefits from the pollination that occurs when the pollen sticks to the lemurs' faces and is transported to the next tree. They are primarily active during the day, especially in the morning and late afternoon. Halley is a star student and you can see her in action here. The red ruffed lemur, DNA polymorphism and population expansion test of ruffed lemurs (, Pairwise divergence values (Da) amongst groups of ruffed lemurs (, Phylogenetic haplotype network of ruffed lemurs (, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22920A115574598.en, dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22918A115574178.en. they are $4500 for the pair. Nevertheless, one haplotype in the non-subcincta EEP population is not represented in the captive population from Madagascar, and exchanges between the various regional captive populations could increase the genetic diversity of each and therefore increase their conservation value. Varecia are the only diurnal primates in the world to keep their infants in a nest. There are also uncertainties regarding the taxonomy or geographical provenance of captive animals and issues related to subspecific or interspecific hybridization (Hvilsom et al., Reference Hvilsom, Frandsen, Brsting, Carlsen, Sall, Simonsen and Siegismund2013). The aptly named howler monkey wins that contest! Ring-Tailed LemurThis is the best-known and most popular Lemur species from Madagascar. At the Smithsonian's National Zoo, they receive a diet consisting of greens, fruits, vegetables and leaf eater biscuits. Specifically, Hap_9, Hap_10 and Hap_11 (all from wild V. v. variegata) were separated by eight mutational steps and distantly related to all other haplotypes. This would allow a more accurate assessment of the genetic diversity of the original founder populations, with implications for our understanding of the conservation value of the existing captive populations and of the specific breeding recommendations to maximize their conservation potential. With over 10 different types of calls for different situations and circumstances, the red-ruffed lemur also has been known to communicate with other members of the biological family of Lemuridae, such as the black and white ruffed . The population of black-and-white ruffed lemurs is thought to have decreased more than eighty percent over a span of 21 years. for this article. This years baby 6/7 months old. Mothers can have as many as six infants at a time, although litters of two to four are most common. The female lemurs have notably longer tails than the males. (See, You can learn more about the project by visiting the, The Betampona project is sometimes referred to as a "re-introduction," but it was more accurately a, of the wild population using individuals born in human care. Mutations between haplotypes are shown using hatch marks. We encourage visitors to support local ecosystems and protect local habitats, similar to the way we're helping the local people in Madagascar preserve lemurs' natural habitat. Ruffed lemur females give birth to litters of up to six infants (with two or three being more typical) in well-concealed, well-constructed nests 30 to 60 feet (10 to 20 meters) up a tree. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for BLACK AND WHITE RUFFED LEMUR WESTERN PLAINS ZOO DUBBO NSW MURRAY VIEWS POSTCARD at the best online prices at eBay! Their body measures between 43 and 57cm (17-22in) long. When appropriate flowers are available, the lemurs eagerly feed on nectar by sticking their long noses deep into the flower. Amazon.com Wishlist Send a Lemur a Present! Only two of the almost 100 different species of lemurs, the black and white and the red, are ruffed. Contact us if you are interested in reserving for next year - Spring 2023. Adaptations . Our group of black and white ruffed lemurs is made up of six males - Felix, Frank, Floyd, Flint, Elmo and Storm - and lone female Froya. At the Duke Lemur Center, calls will be echoed by unrelated groups after an individual sounds an alarm, usually in response to a non-threatening stimulus like a passing plane. Life history traits, maternal behaviour and infant development of blue-eyed black lemurs (Eulemur flavifrons). Social structure consists of small family groups, typically between two and five individuals. Was bottle raised, but now best as breeder. 6, JukesCantor nucleotide diversity. They enjoy taking a morning sunbath to warm themselves. They have overlapped and interbred in many locations. Their thick fur helps them stay warm and dry despite the rainy conditions. We sold a trio last month, leaving us with our two best breeders/mothers. Exciting news, fresh books, a dollar sale, and more! Of the 12 animals released, as many as. They are beautiful animals would love to own one. in Madagascar, primarily due to hunting, habitat loss, and fragmentation. Florida sales only So, something as simple and fun asvisiting the Lemur Centercan help us help the lemurs! Ring-tailed Lemurs $3000.Ruffed Lemurs $7500+.Brown Lemurs TBA; not yet taking deposits.Prices are subject to change with the market. Simply raising awareness about this species can contribute to its overall protection. In addition to being extremely complicated and expensive, certain several criteria must be met for a release to be successful. Have such a stable, genetically diverse captive population that taking individuals out of captivity and exposing them to risk in the wild won't be detrimental to the captive population. The trees of the Madagascan rainforest are home to the black and white ruffed lemur. Taxonomic uncertainties can be evaluated (Hvilsom et al., Reference Hvilsom, Frandsen, Brsting, Carlsen, Sall, Simonsen and Siegismund2013; Senn et al., Reference Senn, Banfield, Wacher, Newby, Rabeil and Kaden2014), genetic diversity can be compared between captive populations or with wild populations (El Alqamy et al., Reference El Alqamy, Senn, Roberts, McEwing and Ogden2012; Svengren et al., Reference Svengren, Prettejohn, Bunge, Fundi and Bjrklund2017), and levels of relatedness and inbreeding can be quantified (Svengren et al., Reference Svengren, Prettejohn, Bunge, Fundi and Bjrklund2017; Atkinson et al., Reference Atkinson, Kitchener, Tobe and O'Donoghue2018). They are omnivorous in nature, extracting their food from surrounding trees, but occasionally foraging forest floor for grub. Golden-Crowned SifakaThis species is very limited in location and number. Including the tail, black-and-white ruffed lemurs are one of the largest of the lemurs in the world, being 4 feet tall and weighing 10 pounds. Black-and-white ruffed lemurs are a largely diurnal species. Their eyes hold a reflective layer to enhance their night vision, and their eye attachments incorporate a ring of bone around the eye, however they fail to offer a divider of slender bone behind it. Tissue samples from National Museums Scotland were made available through CryoArks (supported by BBSRC grant BB/R015260/1). This can be particularly useful to help with decision-making in relation to the suitability of captive populations or of individual captive animals for prospective reintroduction or other release projects (Ogden et al., Reference Ogden, Ghazali, Hopper, ulk and King2018), especially of threatened species that have been extirpated locally at some sites or that persist in isolated populations at risk of losing genetic diversity (Farr et al., Reference Farr, Johnstone, Hopper, Kitchener, Roos and King2022). Shop unique custom made Canvas Prints, Framed Prints, Posters, Tapestries, and more. 1 W, wild; C, captive; S/N, south/north of the Mangoro River; EEP, European Endangered Species Programme; SSP, Species Survival Plan Programmes; FBC, Fenn Bell Conservation Project. Therefore, we recommend prioritizing the genetic analysis of wild populations that have not yet been sampled, including utilizing historical museum specimens of known origin if available and non-invasive samples from populations under community-based conservation initiatives such as the Andriantantely lowland forest and the western AnkenihenyZahamena Corridor (King et al., Reference King, Rasolofoharivelo, Randrianasolo, Dolch, Randrianarimanana, Ratolojanahary, Schwitzer, Mittermeier, Davies, Johnson, Ratsimbazafy and Razafindramanana2013b,Reference King, Ravaloharimanitra, Randrianarimanana, Rasolofoharivelo and Chamberlanc; Louis et al., Reference Louis, Sefczek, Raharivololona, King, Morelli and Baden2020). Ring-tailed lemur for sale. Areas that are identified as probable sites of illegal captures or of other threats to ruffed lemurs or their habitats should also be considered for urgent conservation interventions to mitigate these threats. We prioritize applications from those wishing to adopt 2 or more. (See "Into the Wild: Surviving pioneer lemurs celebrate a decade in the rain forest," by Karl Bates.). 1.1 Black and White Ruffed Lemurs View Profile Name: Eric Mendrysa Posted: 07/30/2022 Phone: 7346528508 Email: Email Seller Location: Texas ID #71714 Male & Female Black & White Ruffed Lemur pair, 1yo, parent raised, friendly and will eat from your hand. Lemurs are strepsirrhine Primates, identified by their soggy nose or rhinarium. This lemur is the primary pollinator of the traveler's palm or traveler's tree. , and their raucous loud calls can be heard up to a half-mile away. When food is abundant, larger groups of 8-16 individuals containing adult animals of each sex are common. In the wild, they are primarily frugivorous, but will also eat a variety of seeds, leaves and nectar, which they are able to reach with their long tongues. Black and white ruffed lemurs are critically endangered in Madagascar. *Only Texas residents may adopt our lemur babies! WAZA member Perth Zoo has created a new habitat for five Black-and-white Ruffed Lemurs! They are agile climbers, with hands similar in structure to a human hand, including an opposable thumb, allowing them to . These include: While black and white ruffed lemurs frequently vocalize to communicate with one another, all lemurs use scent marking as their primary method of claiming a territory as theirs. (Proven). Ring-Tailed Lemur Monkeys, the faces and chests of ring-tailed lemur monkeys are white and have more white fur than grey body fur. forests within relatively easy reach of the major markets in Toamasina). Nov 16, 2016 - Explore Nicole Morrison's board "Lemur Enrichment ideas" on Pinterest. The tail is longer than the body and is mostly black - some individuals have a touch of silver. Unique Black And White Ruffed Lemurs stickers featuring millions of original designs created and sold by independent artists. Lemurs have sharp-clawed prehensile feet, which they use to hold on to tree branches. 2n, number of sequences used. Ring-tailed Lemurs; 2 bred females OHIO ONLY, Ring-tailed Lemurs, TWO Bred, proven Females, Ring-Tailed Lemur - Juvenile neutered male, Regular fecal check-ups for worm egg floats and frequent de-worming treatment for various worm infestations, Tests for blood sugar levels to check for obesity due to weight gain, and iron levels to test for haematochromatosis, Frequent checks for microchips and whether they are still in the location of administration. A black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata variegata) snacks on pokeweed berries in one of the outdoor natural enclosures at the Duke Lemur Center. When you become a member, you also receive exclusive benefits, like special opportunities to meet animals, discounts at Zoo stores and more. The V. rubra and V. v. subcincta haplotypes appeared separately from each other and from other ruffed lemur groups by several mutational steps, and V. v. editorum haplotypes appeared closer together than to any other V. variegata haplotypes. They are frugivores and spend a lot of time foraging in the trees. Dr Nick Davis, Assistant Curator of Mammals and primatology expert at the zoo, said: The black and white ruffed lemurs are the largest quadrupedal lemurs that can be found in Madagascar. Ruffed lemurs are among the most vocal of the non-human primates. The results of this study indicate that the large global captive population of ruffed lemurs could have some value as a source of potential release stock for reintroduction or reinforcement projects, that the much smaller captive population in Madagascar has higher genetic diversity and greater potential for contributing suitable release candidates, and that effective conservation of wild populations should be considered the highest priority for the conservation of ruffed lemurs and their remaining genetic diversity. Ruffed lemurs have the second loudest call of all primates. Black-and-white ruffed lemurs are considered to be the world's largest pollinator, dispersing pollen from the Traveller's tree. Indri Lemurthis is also known as the Babakoto in many places. *Furthermore, the ring tailed lemur is used as a symbol for Madagascar and for endangered animals on the island, because its so well-known. The physically largest pollinator is the black-and-white ruffed lemur. Classifieds. We're often asked why more lemurs aren't released into Madagascar. These lemurs typically live in the middle to upper part of the rainforest. Social Behavior We do not recommend lemurs as pets to inexperienced exotic animal owners. Primary threats include habitat loss due to slash-and-burn agriculture, logging, and mining; and bushmeat hunting. Welcome to Perth Zoo Become a Zoo Memberand enjoy great benefits for a year! Lemur Enrichment ideas . Killing lemurs didn't seem widespread in the villages, but . Lemurs kept in captivity are delicate animals who require the best veterinary care to survive. Texas Only Aye-AyeAye-Ayes are the largest primate in the world and are nocturnal. However, previous genetic research (Baden et al., Reference Baden, Holmes, Johnson, Engberg, Louis and Bradley2014) provides a baseline for ascertaining the geographical provenance of captive ruffed lemurs. Their thick, silky fur is patched in a black and white pattern. It is critically endangered, with its population decreasing every year. Ring-tailed lemurs are the most aggressive species of lemur, and they will get aggressive toward humans if they are hand-raised. Infant ruffed lemurs are not as well developed at birth as other species., which is not surprising given the brief gestation period. How Do You Keep Animals Cool in the Heat? Strepsirrhine primates process their own distinctive vitamin C, thus don't need to get it from their eating regimens. Where do lemurs live in the wild? Please call or text 734-652-8508 for information. I've built up a group of lemurs much bigger than I ever intended. Choose your favorite black-and-white ruffed lemur designs and purchase them as wall art, home decor, phone cases, tote bags, and more! Hap_12 was shared between the sample from wild populations of V. v. editorum north of the Mangoro River and the captive samples from Madagascar and the SSP, which indicates that those captive animals from Madagascar and the SSP not identified to subspecies level could have a V. v. editorum maternal origin. A re-introduction, on the other hand, is putting a species back where it once lived after there are no members of the species remaining in the area. Female ruffed lemurs give birth to litters of infants. Keeping Stoats (Short-tailed Weasel)/Ermines as Pets. Infant ruffed lemurs are not as well developed at birth as other species., which is not surprising given the brief gestation period. Thus, for certain species of plants in the tropical forests of Madagascar, the ruffed lemur is an important pollinator. Their large size and diurnal activities make them easier targets for hunters and this has put a great pressure on their population. Work is also needed to determine the genetic diversity of captive ruffed lemurs in Europe and Madagascar and their relationships with ruffed lemurs in North America and in the wild. Reproduction: Gestation: 90-100 days. Females are dominant in this species. We aligned all sequences using BioEdit 7.2.6 (Hall, Reference Hall1999). The weight of the placenta in ruffed lemur is around 20 g (perhaps incomplete) and the placenta has a diameter of 3.5 x 1.5 cm and is 1 cm in thickness. We raise and rehome exotic creatures including Capuchin monkeys, Fennec box, Kinkajou, Lemurs, Marmoset monkeys, Savannah kittens, spider monkeys,. Their care package comes with a lemur-themed hoodie with the Dragonstone logo, ten diapers, a toy animal, a blanket, food, treats, formula with a syringe, Miracle Nipple (if necessary), and a Dragonstone Exotics backpack to carry everything. Related Papers. USDA facility In 1997, the Duke Lemur Center, as part of a consortium of zoos and conservation groups known as the Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group (MFG). In a newly published study, climate scientist Toni . Unique Black And White Ruffed Lemurs Posters designed and sold by artists. We found only two other mtDNA haplotypes in the European captive V. variegata population, both of which were identical to previously published haplotypes from wild populations. When a female needs to travel with her young, she carries them in her mouth, rather than on her belly, as is common in most other lemur species. 2 baby ringtail lemurs for sale. Sign up here to receive announcements when new lemur babies become available. Only one female. Captive breeding, reintroduction, and the conservation genetics of black and white ruffed lemurs, Geographical distribution of ruffed lemurs. The black-and-white ruffed lemur ( Varecia variegata) is a threatened species native to the eastern coasts of Madagascar. Your adoption goes toward the $8,400 per year cost it takes to care for each lemur at the DLC, as well as aiding our conservation efforts in Madagascar. E. Ethan Riepl. Brown Lemurs TBA; not yet taking deposits. The general pattern is black hands, feet, tail, and facial markings with a patch of white fur on their head. A. on the other hand, is putting a species back where it once lived after there are no members of the species remaining in the area. This is an unusual behavior for lemurs. $1200 for young male. Share the story of this animal with others. Lemurs are absorbed by at least 109 members (55%) of all known plant families in Madagascar. A red ruffed lemur, one of two Varecia species endemic to Madagascar. Black LemurThe Black lemur has two sub-species, the E. Macaco Lemur and Slader Lemur. This visually striking species hails from the tropical forests of eastern Madagascar, where its thick fur is well suited to the wet, sometimes chilly environment of the rainforest canopy. Around their necks are white collars or ruffs. Native Habitat Like all lemur species, black-and-white ruffed lemurs can only be found in Madagascar. The DLC itself is incorporating aMonarch Waystationinto its landscaping for the summer tour path in 2017. Their raucous, barking vocalizations might serve several purposes: they allow distant members of the same group to maintain contact with each other even when they are foraging separately; they warn would-be competitors of territory already occupied; and they might also serve to alert other group members of the presence of an aerial or ground predator. Black-and-white ruffed lemurs are social creatures that form groups around food. Found in the wild: The Ruffed lemur lives in eastern Madagascar, in humid rain forests. In the wild, they are primarily frugivores but will also eat leaves, seeds and nectar when fruit is scarce. they are considered the most frugivorous of all the lemurs. Only ring-tailed lemurs, bamboo lemurs (Hapelmer genus), and black-and-white lemurs (Versea variegata) are known to eat herbs. Total loading time: 0 In 1997, the Duke Lemur Center, as part of a consortium of zoos and conservation groups known as the Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group (MFG), released five black and white ruffed lemurs into the Betampona Reserve in eastern Madagascar* to help support wild populations. To celebrate our 2nd Year Anniversary, the new Black-and-White Ruffed Lemur habitat animal in now available in game! We assessed the mitochondrial genetic diversity of captive ruffed lemurs in Madagascar, Europe and North America and compared this to published data from wild lemurs to ascertain the geographical provenance of the founders of the global captive population. 1 Geographical distribution of ruffed lemurs. Varecia variegata-Fenn Bell Conservation Project (C) is not included because of small sample size. They have the unique ability among pollinators to open the traveler tree's flowers. Conservation. All of our lemur infants/babies are reared by hand, trained, and given bottles. It is important to practice diet rotation to provide variety. The Black-and-White Ruffed Lemur is available for free for all owners of the Planet Zoo base game A new shop - Bernie's Bakes - has been added to Planet Zoo . Male & Female Black & White Ruffed Lemur pair, 1yo, parent raised, friendly and will eat from your hand. Inferred internal nodes are shown in black. The distinct communication methods of the black and white ruffed lemur employ vocal calls as well as scent marking. 8R 2, Ramos-Onsins and Rozas value. Render date: 2023-03-04T11:54:16.084Z Our tapir is near to an island with monkeys in a pond. For sale in state of Illinois only. These checks include; Other potential health issues for lemurs in captivity include Toxoplasmosis infection transmitted from cat feces. Black-and-white ruffed lemurs have been observed in larger groups of up to 16 individuals but those large groups are typically comprised of several smaller groups. These include: "Fixing" the problems that caused the habitat to become damaged in the first place (for example, logging, mining, slash-and-burn agriculture, hunting). The Black-and-white ruffed lemur is one of the largest lemurs and the second loudest primate after the howler monkey from central and South America. Females can nurse up to six infants simultaneously. Additional constraints include diseases (Thompson et al., Reference Thompson, Hilliard, Kittel, Lipper, Giddens, Black and Eberle2000), behavioural or genetic adaptation to captivity (McPhee, Reference McPhee2004; Frankham, Reference Frankham2008) and the dominance of non-threatened species over threatened species (Conde et al., Reference Conde, Colchero, Gusset, Pearce-Kelly, Byers and Flesness2013). Additionally, genetic evidence suggests that V. v. subcincta may not be a valid subspecies (Baden et al., Reference Baden, Holmes, Johnson, Engberg, Louis and Bradley2014; Louis et al., Reference Louis, Sefczek, Raharivololona, King, Morelli and Baden2020). We carried out an analysis of molecular variance in Arlequin 3.5.2.2 (Excoffier et al., Reference Excoffier, Laval and Schneider2005). They can live up to 18 years in captivity. Click here for the shipping policy. Lemurs in captivity are sensitive and need optimal veterinary care to survive. Brown lemurs are hit or miss - some will stay docile while others can get as aggressive as a ringtail. Florida sales only USDA facility Must go to facility with large enclosures and dedicated enrichment Text 352-988-8012 Pictured above: A black and white ruffed lemur released at Betampona. The litter size varies appreciably, especially in ruffed lemurs where triplets and quadruplets occur. Check for and remove snails or slugs as they present the risk of Rat lungworm infection. Ruffed lemur families are highly vocal, and their raucous loud calls can be heard up to a half-mile away. How Much Do Lemurs Cost? Over 40% of the remaining. Photo by Adam Britt. 1) and are particularly sensitive to habitat loss and disturbance (Vasey, 2003 ). REQUIRED SUPPLIES: Click here to read the list of required supplies. Regardless of the type, people who keep lemurs as pets or in captivity must give them regular annual veterinary health exams and provide any necessary treatments. They have striking yellow eyes with a round, black pupil. At the end of their body is a long tail adding between 60 and 65cm ( 24-26in) to the length of their body. They do this behavior for various reasons, though in gen. AboutPressCopyrightContact. While efforts are in place to reintroduce black-and-white ruffed lemurs, reintroduction is not always successful. Huge range of colors and sizes. hasContentIssue true, This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (, Copyright The Author(s), 2023. 2022. List your animal for sale here. This is known as suspensory movement and is exhibited in this species more so than other lemur species. They travel through the forest by . We would like to place them together. When food is available in plenty, the group size increases to about 26. Protecting and preserving lemur habitats in Madagascar is essential to their survival. Lemurs have razor sharp teeth, and the wounds they inflict often need professional medical attention. Low birth rates and reproductive skew limit the viability of Europe's captive eastern black rhinoceros, Genetic assessment of the Arabian oryx founder population in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE: an example of evaluating unmanaged captive stocks for reintroduction, Novel mtDNA haplotypes represented in the European captive population of the Endangered Franois langur (, Genetic adaptation to captivity in species conservation programs, Primate Biogeography: Progress and Prospects, Contributions of zoos and aquariums to reintroductions: historical reintroduction efforts in the context of changing conservation perspectives, Bushmeat hunting and use in the Makira Forest, north-eastern Madagascar: a conservation and livelihoods issue, Understanding geographic origins and history of admixture among chimpanzees in European zoos, with implications for future breeding programmes, Guidelines for Reintroductions and Other Conservation Translocations. (A stable captive population is vital, in that it functions as the species' "genetic safety net" and a reservoir against the species' total extinction). Engage in conservation locally:Though it doesn't directly affect lemurs, the DLC also promotes local conservation. Females can nurse up to six infants simultaneously. Around their necks are white collars or ruffs. Moreover, the distantly related haplotypes within V. variegata and specifically those seen in wild V. v. variegata suggest a cryptic genetic structure in ruffed lemurs, warranting further genetic characterization of individuals in the wild. SmithsoniansNationalZoo& ConservationBiologyInstitute Ruffed Lemurs $7500+. The black-and-white ruffed lemur is one of the larger species of lemur, and the largest member of its family the Lemuridae. They usually give birth to twins and then leave the babies alone in the nest while they go looking for food. On average black and white ruffed lemurs weigh up to 4.1kg (9lbs). Ringtail Lemurs are to Florida residents only, no exceptions. Currently, the pressures that the existing (wild) animals are under in Madagascar are too great for a re-introduction or reinforcement of species. The monitors also recorded nine black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) killed, a species listed as Critically Endangered. The use of mtDNA to identify the probable population of origin of captive animals in Madagascar could help us to understand where ruffed lemurs or other species are being captured illegally from wild populations (Reuter et al., Reference Reuter, Gilles, Wills and Sewall2016; Reuter & Schafer, Reference Reuter and Schaefer2017). Using 280 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences, we studied the genetic diversity and structure of captive ruffed lemurs in Madagascar, Europe and North America. W, wild; C, captive; S/N, south/north of the Mangoro River; Mada, Madagascar; EEP, European Endangered Species Programme; SSP, Species Survival Plan Programmes; FBC, Fenn Bell Conservation Project. They Are Mainly An Arboreal Species Of Monkey So Make Sure To Have A Good Amount Of Space And Objects To Play And Climb On. Black-and-white ruffed lemurs are thought to live an average of 19 years in the wild, sometimes longer in human care. After the hand-feeding stage, allow them to roam free in a large outdoor enclosure rather than living indoors with humans 24/7. Unfortunately, we think our waiting list is full for 2022. A black-and-white ruffed lemur is pictured at a national park in Madagascar. They have been observed resting, foraging, and traveling in trees as high as. Ruffed lemur families are highly. 30 to 60 feet (10 to 20 meters) up a tree. based on D-loop mitochondrial DNA sequence data. The long, brilliantly striped, black-and-white tail of ring-tailed lemurs makes them easy to identify. We imported DNA sequences into DnaSP 6.12.03 (Rozas et al., Reference Rozas, Ferrer-Mata, Snchez-DelBarrio, Guirao-Rico, Librado, Ramos-Onsins and Snchez-Gracia2017). Proven. Black-and-white ruffed lemurs and red-ruffed lemurs are the largest in their family. Several founder individuals shared the same mtDNA haplotype and therefore should not be assumed to be unrelated founders when making breeding recommendations. We obtained several DNA polymorphism indices in DnaSP, including number of segregating sites (S), number of haplotypes (H), haplotype diversity (Hd), nucleotide diversity () and average number of nucleotide differences (k). The animals breed in Madagascar between May and July. Black-and-white ruffed lemurs often hang from just their hind feet. While black and white ruffed lemurs frequently vocalize to communicate with one another, all lemurs use scent marking as their primary method of claiming a territory as theirs. Most captive populations have limited viability as a result of low population sizes and inbreeding (Lees & Wilcken, Reference Lees and Wilcken2009; Conway, Reference Conway2011; Conde et al., Reference Conde, Colchero, Gusset, Pearce-Kelly, Byers and Flesness2013), low genetic diversity (Muoz-Fuentes et al., Reference Muoz-Fuentes, Green and Sorenson2008; Shen et al., Reference Shen, Zhang, He, Yue, Zhang and Zhang2009; Atkinson et al., Reference Atkinson, Kitchener, Tobe and O'Donoghue2018) and limited or skewed breeding success (Roullet, Reference Roullet2012; Kaumanns et al., Reference Kaumanns, Singh and Silwa2013; Penfold et al., Reference Penfold, Powell, Traylor-Holzer and Asa2014; Edwards et al., Reference Edwards, Walker, Dunham, Pilgrim, Okita-Ouma and Shultz2015).